A construction workforce and an operating workforce are both real—but they occur on different schedules, involve different trades, and should never be combined into one permanent-jobs claim.
Construction is the larger temporary phase
Virginia JLARC reported that the primary economic benefit from data centers comes during initial construction. Industry representatives told JLARC that one building can take roughly 12 to 18 months and have about 1,500 workers on-site at the peak. A peak headcount is not the same as 1,500 full-year jobs, and a multi-building campus may repeat or overlap phases.
Operations use a smaller, specialized workforce
JLARC reported that a typical 250,000-square-foot facility may have about 50 full-time workers and that about half may be contract workers. Roles can include critical-facilities technicians, electrical and mechanical specialists, security, network operations, cleaning, management, and vendor support. Headcount varies with design, automation, tenant model, and whether contracted workers are counted.
Measure local value, not only gross headcount
Ask how many workers live in the locality or region, the wage range by occupation, benefits, apprenticeship use, veteran and school pathways, contractor headquarters, local purchasing, and advancement opportunities. Separate direct on-site jobs from supplier, induced, construction, and temporary jobs whenever an economic-impact model combines them.
Use a reporting table
| Measure | Construction | Operations |
|---|---|---|
| Time basis | Worker-hours and annualized jobs | Year-end full- and part-time headcount |
| Worker type | Trade and contractor | Employee and contract worker |
| Location | Local / regional residence | Local / regional residence |
| Job quality | Wage, benefits, apprenticeship | Wage, benefits, training, retention |
Write commitments so they can be audited
State a baseline, target, reporting period, responsible entity, data source, privacy approach, and remedy. “Create good jobs” is an aspiration. “Report quarterly worker-hours, residence by region, apprentice hours, wage bands, and contractor spend” is a measurable commitment.
Report construction worker-hours, peak on-site workers, annualized construction jobs, permanent employees, permanent contractors, wages, and local residence as different measures.
PRIMARY SOURCES
Verify the public record
These official or institutional sources support the guide. Check the original text and its effective date before relying on a summary.